The fight or flight response is a series of physiological changes which get triggered in a person’s body when the person is in danger. People with Panic Disorder experience the fight or flight response even when there is no real danger present. This causes most of the symptoms that constitute a panic attack or anxiety attack.
Stomach Upset, Diarrhea, Dry Mouth
If a person is in danger the body assumes it will have to fight the danger or run away. The fight or flight response causes blood flow to the arms and leg muscles to increase. The extra blood flow to the extremities ensures that these muscles will get extra oxygen and nutrients. This, however, causes blood to be diverted away from the inner organs. As a result, the entire digestive process is slowed down. This can cause stomach upset, dry mouth and diarrhea.
Pounding Heartbeat
The heart starts beating much faster to increase circulation, since the body anticipates it will be working harder to service the muscles. Some people experience this as a pounding fast heartbeat, others experience it as skipped beats.
Shallow, Rapid Breathing
Breathing speeds up to allow the body to take in enough oxygen to keep up with the increased circulation of blood.
Hot Flushes and Sweating
The body heats up because it is working harder to circulate blood. The body sweats so it can cool itself down.
Confusion
It is difficult to concentrate or focus because the body is ready to act on instinct. All extraneous information is being filtered out and “tunnel vision” may be experienced.
Feeling of Going Crazy or Dying; Overwhelming Urge to Run Away
The brain gets a message that something terrible is about to happen and the person feels an overwhelming urge to run away. This is a symptom that would motivate the person to take action if they were in danger.
Other Symptoms of Panic and Anxiety Attacks
The remaining symptoms of panic and anxiety attacks are due to the shallow, rapid breathing triggered by fight or flight. For example, the person may feel like they cannot get enough air, or may experience a smothering or choking sensation due to hyperventilation. Since the chest muscles are working harder to help the person breathe faster, muscle spasms can occur causing chest pain.
Some of the other symptoms caused by shallow breathing during an anxiety attack are:
- numbness,
- tingling,
- feelings of derealization (feeling detached from your surroundings) and depersonalization (feeling detached from your body),
- lightheadedness,
- dizziness,
- feeling faint,
- shaking.
Because so many of the symptoms are caused by shallow breathing, breathing instruction is a significant part of Panic Disorder treatment. If a person can learn to take control of their breathing, they can prevent the development of many uncomfortable symptoms and lessen the severity of the anxiety attack. This is only one step in treatement though, deep breathing by itself is not a cure.
People with these Symptoms Should Seek Help
Any time a person experiences troubling symptoms they should consult a medical doctor and/or mental health professional. There are benefits to treating Panic Disorder early on, so it is important to be properly diagnosed.
The information in this article is for general information purposes only and is not intended to be personal mental health or medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. People who experience symptoms should seek the advice of their medical or mental health professional.
